The structure of a tubular heat exchanger is relatively simple, compact, and inexpensive, but the outside of the tube cannot be mechanically cleaned. This type of heat exchanger tube bundle is connected to a tube plate, which is welded to both ends of the shell and connected to a top cover. The top cover and the shell are equipped with fluid inlet and outlet nozzles. Usually, a series of baffles perpendicular to the tube bundle are installed outside the tube. At the same time, the connection between the tube and the tube plate and the shell is rigid, while the inside and outside of the tube are two fluids of different temperatures. Therefore, when the temperature difference between the tube wall and the shell wall is large, due to the different thermal expansion between the two, a significant temperature difference stress is generated, which can cause the tube to bend or loosen from the tube plate, or even damage the heat exchanger.
Tubular heat exchangers are a common type of heat exchange equipment mainly used for heat transfer between liquids or between gases and liquids. It is widely used in industries such as petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, power, and shipbuilding.
The main factors affecting the corrosion of the heat exchanger tube plate are:
(1) the composition and concentration of the medium: the influence of the concentration is different, for example, in hydrochloric acid, the greater the concentration, the more serious the corrosion. Carbon steel and stainless steel in the concentration of about 50% of sulfuric acid corrosion is the most serious, and when the concentration increases to more than 60%, the corrosion decreases sharply;
(2) Impurities: harmful impurities including chloride ions, sulfur ions, cyanide ions, ammonia ions, etc., these impurities can cause serious corrosion in some cases;
(3) temperature: corrosion is a chemical reaction, the temperature is increased by 10ºC, the corrosion rate is about 1 to 3 times, but there are exceptions;
(4) ph value: the smaller the general ph value, the greater the corrosion of the metal;
(5) Flow rate: in most cases, the higher the flow rate, the greater the corrosion.
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Mechanical and Fabrication guarantee
Design including strength calculation (including erection condition) stress analysis and detail design based on applicable Codes, Local Regulation, Project Specifications and Standards
Thermal Design (Thermal Rating)
All technical certifications required for design work as per local regulations
Stability check (during transport, lifting and hydrostatic test) and loading data for base design
Structural analysis for main body and its support for operation load
Material procurement
Material Test and Certificates as per applicable Code and Specifications
Manufacturing
Post weld heat treatment as per code and specification
PMI (Positive Material Identification)
All NDEs as per Project Specification
Welding procedure qualification test
WPS & PQR
Welder performance test
Hydrostatic test at BlDDER shop as per Code & Local Regulations, Specifications.
Installation work for vessel internals supplied by Bidder
External surface preparation and painting as per Specification
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Internal protection from moisture: N2 Charge
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