The structure of a tubular heat exchanger is relatively simple, compact, and inexpensive, but the outside of the tube cannot be mechanically cleaned. This type of heat exchanger tube bundle is connected to a tube plate, which is welded to both ends of the shell and connected to a top cover. The top cover and the shell are equipped with fluid inlet and outlet nozzles. Usually, a series of baffles perpendicular to the tube bundle are installed outside the tube. At the same time, the connection between the tube and the tube plate and the shell is rigid, while the inside and outside of the tube are two fluids of different temperatures. Therefore, when the temperature difference between the tube wall and the shell wall is large, due to the different thermal expansion between the two, a significant temperature difference stress is generated, which can cause the tube to bend or loosen from the tube plate, or even damage the heat exchanger.
The structural components mainly consist of shell, tube bundle, tube plate, baffle, tube box, and other components. The shell is the outer shell of a heat exchanger, usually made of steel, with a tube bundle inside. The tube bundle is composed of multiple parallel arranged tubes, and the two ends of the tubes are fixed on the tube plate. The baffle is installed inside the shell to guide the flow of fluid in a certain direction, increasing the flow speed of the fluid and improving heat transfer efficiency. A pipe box is a component that connects a pipe bundle and external pipelines, used to introduce and discharge fluids.
The main factors affecting the corrosion of the heat exchanger tube plate are:
(1) the composition and concentration of the medium: the influence of the concentration is different, for example, in hydrochloric acid, the greater the concentration, the more serious the corrosion. Carbon steel and stainless steel in the concentration of about 50% of sulfuric acid corrosion is the most serious, and when the concentration increases to more than 60%, the corrosion decreases sharply;
(2) Impurities: harmful impurities including chloride ions, sulfur ions, cyanide ions, ammonia ions, etc., these impurities can cause serious corrosion in some cases;
(3) temperature: corrosion is a chemical reaction, the temperature is increased by 10ºC, the corrosion rate is about 1 to 3 times, but there are exceptions;
(4) ph value: the smaller the general ph value, the greater the corrosion of the metal;
(5) Flow rate: in most cases, the higher the flow rate, the greater the corrosion.
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